A single-session eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy reduces anxiety and improves self-confidence in athletes with post-traumatic stress associated with injury
The use of EMDR therapy allows sports psychologists to intervene with post-injury athletes to help them recover and achieve peak sport performance.
Article Abstract
“Background: Stress and anxiety related to post-injury trauma in athletes is a latent problem in sport. The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) allows sports psychologists to intervene with their athletes more effectively to help them into their recovery and achieve peak sport performance.
Objectives: Analyze the EMDR therapy effect in the psychophysiological responses of four athletes with stress related to a traumatic event during sports practice.
Methods: Four athletes (22.25 ± 1.71 years; 11.5 ± 2.65 years of experience) participated an idiographic single-case, multiple-probe study. The Sport Psychology Department of the institution approved the study for its application, which also followed the statement of the declaration of Helsinki. The participants had been medically cleared to practice their sport after sustaining a severe injury, but they expressed significant difficulty in performing optimally yet. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2RD was applied to measure the anxiety and self-confidence levels before, after and two weeks later EMDR therapy intervention. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing standard protocol therapy was carried out to identify the dysfunctional memories to be reprocessed, address the abnormal behaviors as trauma consequences, and develop the behavioral changes to manage the trauma. Heart rate variability parameters used as biofeedback were monitored during the EMDR protocol to associate with moments of stress and relief. Data analysis was performed using the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) of Hopkins to compare the results in the different moments of the protocol and study.
Results: All four athletes reported likely and most likely beneficial changes (according to the SWC) in their levels of anxiety and self-confidence after the intervention with the EMRD therapy as well as at two weeks afterward. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters linked with parasympathetic activity were reduced and the sympathetic parameters increased their levels when the intervention protocol induced stressor memories, observing an opposite behavior when EMDR phases let the athlete be relaxed or getting relief.
Conclusions: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a therapy is effective to manage a sport injury related psychologic trauma. Furthermore both, LnRMSSD and LnSS parameters of the HRV can be used as a biofeedback strategy for a better efficacy of EMDR-based treatment.”
—Description from publisher
Article Access
Open Access
Reynoso-Sanchez, L. F., & Hoyos-Flores, J. R. (2023). A single-session eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy reduces anxiety and improves self-confidence in athletes with post-traumatic stress associated with injury. International Journal of Sport Studies for Health, 5(2), e134823. Open access: https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-134823
About the Journal
“The International Journal of Sport Studies for Health (IJSSH) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality empirical and theoretical contributions in the fields of physical activity and sport sciences.”
—Description from publisher
Date
February 26, 2023
Creator(s)
Luis Felipe Reynoso-Sánchez, José Raúl Hoyos-Flores
Topics
Performance Enhancement
Client Population
Athletes
Extent
9 pages
Publisher
Brieflands
Rights
Copyright © 2023, International Journal of Sport Studies for Health. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
APA Citation
Reynoso-Sanchez, L. F., & Hoyos-Flores, J. R. (2023). A single-session eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy reduces anxiety and improves self-confidence in athletes with post-traumatic stress associated with injury. International Journal of Sport Studies for Health, 5(2), e134823. Open access: https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-134823
Audience
EMDR Therapists, Other Mental Health Professionals
Language
English
Content Type
Article, Peer-Reviewed
Access Type
External Resource, Open Access