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Trauma-focused EMDR for personality disorders among outpatients (TEMPO): Study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (BMC Trials)

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Home / Resources / Personality Disorders / Trauma-focused EMDR for personality disorders among outpatients (TEMPO): Study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (BMC Trials)

Trauma-focused EMDR for personality disorders among outpatients (TEMPO): Study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Study is to determine the effectiveness of EMDR therapy versus waiting list in reducing personality disorder symptom severity.


Article Abstract

“Background: Existing recommended treatment options for personality disorders (PDs) are extensive and costly. There is emerging evidence indicating that trauma-focused treatment using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy aimed at resolving memories of individuals’ adverse events can be beneficial for this target group within a relatively short time frame. The primary purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of EMDR therapy versus waiting list in reducing PD symptom severity. Furthermore, the effects of EMDR therapy on trauma symptom severity, loss of diagnosis, personal functioning, quality of life, and mental health outcomes will be determined. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of EMDR therapy in the treatment of PDs is investigated. Moreover, predictors of treatment success, symptom deterioration and treatment discontinuation will be assessed. Lastly, experiences with EMDR therapy will be explored.

Method: In total, 159 patients with a PD will be included in a large multicentre single-blind randomized controlled trial. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders will be used to determine the presence of a PD. Participants will be allocated to either a treatment condition with EMDR therapy (ten biweekly 90-min sessions) or a waiting list. Three months after potential treatment with EMDR therapy, patients can receive treatment as usual for their PD. All participants are subject to single-blinded baseline, post-intervention and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome measures are the Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. For cost-effectiveness, the Treatment Inventory of Costs in Patients with psychiatric disorders, EuroQol-5D-3L, and the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire will be administered. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Brief State Paranoia Checklist and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale will be used to further index trauma symptom severity. Type of trauma is identified at baseline with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-SF and Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5. Personal functioning and health outcome are assessed with the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-BF 2.0, Outcome Questionnaire-45 and Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire. Experiences with EMDR therapy of patients in the EMDR therapy condition are explored with a semi-structured interview at post-intervention.

Discussion: It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to knowledge about the effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment using EMDR therapy in individuals diagnosed with a PD. Follow-up data provide documentation of long-term effects of EMDR therapy on various outcome variables, most importantly the reduction of PD symptom severity and loss of diagnoses.

—Description from publisher

Article Access

Open Access

Hofman, S., Hafkemeijer, L, de Jongh, A., Starrenburg, A., & Slotema, K. (2022). Trauma-focused EMDR for personality disorders among outpatients (TEMPO): Study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. BMC Trials, 23: 196. Open access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06082-6

View the Resource
Basic Info Collapse

Date
March 4, 2022

Creator(s)
Simon Hofman, Laurian Hafkemeijer, Ad de Jongh

Contributor(s)
Annemieke Starrenburg, Karin Slotema

Topics
Personality Disorders

More Info Collapse

Extent
15 pages

Publisher
BMC

Rights
© The Author(s). 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

APA Citation
Hofman, S., Hafkemeijer, L, de Jongh, A., Starrenburg, A., & Slotema, K. (2022). Trauma-focused EMDR for personality disorders among outpatients (TEMPO): Study protocol for a multi-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. BMC Trials, 23: 196. Open access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06082-6  

Audience
EMDR Therapists, Other Mental Health Professionals

Language
English

Content Type
Article, Peer-Reviewed, RCT

Access Type
External Resource

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