A comparison of attachment-based EMDR therapy and standard EMDR therapy for adolescents with bullying-related trauma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial
This study evaluated the efficacy of Attachment-Based EMDR (AB-EMDR) in reducing trauma and anxiety symptoms in adolescent bullying victims compared to standard EMDR therapy.
Article Abstract
“Background: Adolescent bullying is a significant public health concern, often leading to anxiety, depression, and trauma-related symptoms. While Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has proven effective in addressing trauma in youth, its application specifically for bullying-related trauma remains limited, particularly in non-Western contexts. Attachment-based therapies, which enhance relational security, have shown potential in reducing trauma symptoms, but their integration with EMDR has not been widely explored. Considering the relational nature of bullying-related trauma, combining attachment-focused approaches with EMDR may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of Attachment-Based EMDR (AB-EMDR) in reducing trauma and anxiety symptoms in adolescent bullying victims compared to standard EMDR therapy.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 50 adolescent bullying victims aged 12 to 18 years, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (AB-EMDR; n = 25) or the control group (standard EMDR; n = 25). We used the Bangla Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI
Y) for assessing trauma and anxiety symptoms at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. AB-EMDR incorporated attachment-focused adjuncts, including self-compassion exercises, emotion regulation strategies, empathy training, and relational role-play, alongside the standard EMDR eight-phase protocol.
Results: MANOVA showed significant group differences, with AB-EMDR yielding greater reductions in trauma and anxiety (ηp2 = 0.721). Significant time effects (ηp2 = 0.530) indicated improvement from baseline to post-intervention, maintained at follow-up. The group × time interaction (ηp2 = 0.243) suggested faster and larger symptom reduction in AB-EMDR. Post-hoc analysis revealed substantial enhancements from T0 to T2.
Conclusion: EMDR effectively reduced trauma symptoms and anxiety in a sample of adolescent bullying victims, and incorporating attachment-based interventions enhances outcomes. Integrating attachment-focused elements within EMDR appears promising; however, further studies with larger, more diverse populations are warranted.”
—Description from publisher
Article Access
Open Access
Mahmood, S., Lakatos, K., Endeladze, M., & Kalo, Z. (2025). A comparison of attachment-based EMDR therapy and standard EMDR therapy for adolescents with bullying-related trauma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychologica, 261, 106023. Open access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106023Â
Date
November 28, 2025
Creator(s)
Sabrina Mahmood, Kristof Lakatos, Mariam Endeladze
Contributor(s)
Zsuzsa Kalo
Topics
Anxiety/Panic/Phobias, Attachment, Childhood Trauma
Client Population
Adolescents
Extent
8 pages
Publisher
Elsevier
Rights
© 2025 The Authors.
APA Citation
Mahmood, S., Lakatos, K., Endeladze, M., & Kalo, Z. (2025). A comparison of attachment-based EMDR therapy and standard EMDR therapy for adolescents with bullying-related trauma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychologica, 261, 106023. Open access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106023Â
Audience
EMDR Therapists
Language
English
Content Type
Article, Peer-Reviewed, RCT
Access Type
External Resource, Open Access
