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Home / Resources / Attachment / Treatment of attachment trauma: Effects of an online EMDR couple protocol on trauma symptoms, conflict resolution, and forgiveness (Counselling & Psychotherapy Research)

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Treatment of attachment trauma: Effects of an online EMDR couple protocol on trauma symptoms, conflict resolution, and forgiveness (Counselling & Psychotherapy Research)

Treatment of attachment trauma: Effects of an online EMDR couple protocol on trauma symptoms, conflict resolution, and forgiveness

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an online EMDR couple protocol in reducing trauma-related symptoms, improving conflict resolution strategies, and increasing willingness to forgive among couples with a history of attachment trauma.


Article Abstract

“Background: Incidents characterised by betrayal, abandonment, or emotional neglect within a romantic relationship can profoundly impact relational functioning and lead to post-traumatic stress symptoms in both partners. Although in-person therapies, such as Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), have shown promise, the feasibility and effectiveness of delivering EMDR online to address attachment trauma remain underexplored.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an online EMDR couple protocol in reducing trauma-related symptoms, improving conflict resolution strategies, and increasing willingness to forgive among couples with a history of attachment trauma. Subgroup analysis was carried out based on gender, partner roles (offending and injured), and types of conflict (single incident and complex). A secondary aim was to determine if gains were sustained at a one-month follow-up.

Methods: Participants were 34 individuals (17 couples) presenting with attachment trauma, with a subjective unit of disturbance score over 5. Couples received a two-phase online EMDR intervention comprising individual and conjoint sessions. Pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up measures of post-traumatic stress (Impact of Events Scale), conflict behaviours (Romantic Partner Conflict Scale), and offence-specific forgiveness (Marriage Offence–Specific Forgiveness Scale) were collected. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyse changes over time, with follow-up t-tests examining gender and role differences.

Results: Participants demonstrated significant reductions in intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal, and overall trauma impact, with improvements largely maintained at 1-month follow-up. Conflict styles, notably compromise and submission, showed statistically significant positive shifts. Forgiveness scores improved through reductions in resentment avoidance. No significant gender, partner role, or type of conflict differences emerged, indicating uniform benefits across subgroups.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that an online EMDR couple protocol can effectively alleviate trauma-related distress, enhance constructive conflict resolution, and facilitate forgiveness in couples with attachment trauma. EMDR is equally beneficial for both offending and injured partners, as well as complex and single-incident conflicts.

Trial Registration: Trial registered by the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). Registration Number: CTRI/2023/07/055625, registered on July 25, 2023. https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid=87803&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2023/07/055625“

—Description from publisher

Article Access

Purchase/Subscription Required

Davidar, R. S., Ballal, D., Rajan, S. K. (2025). Treatment of attachment trauma: Effects of an online EMDR couple protocol on trauma symptoms, conflict resolution, and forgiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 25(3): e70042. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70042

About the Journal

“Counselling & Psychotherapy Research (CPR) is an innovative international peer-reviewed journal dedicated to linking research with practice. Pluralist in orientation, the journal recognises the value of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods strategies of inquiry and aims to promote high-quality, ethical research that informs and develops counselling and psychotherapy practice. CPR is a journal of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy, promoting reflexive research strongly linked to practice, and aims to ensure that research remains relevant to practice, and for practice to continue to inform research development.”

—Description from publisher

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Basic InfoCollapse

Date
September 4, 2025

Creator(s)
Rebecca Suganthi Davidar, Divya Ballal, Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan

Topics
Attachment

Client Population
Couples

Practice & Methods
Telehealth

More InfoCollapse

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons

Rights
© 2025 British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy.

APA Citation
Davidar, R. S., Ballal, D., Rajan, S. K. (2025). Treatment of attachment trauma: Effects of an online EMDR couple protocol on trauma symptoms, conflict resolution, and forgiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 25(3): e70042. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70042

Audience
EMDR Therapists

Language
English

Content Type
Article, Peer-Reviewed

Access Type
External Resource

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